The Professional Association of Biologists of the Canary Islands has warned of an increase in the presence of cockroaches due to the rise in summer temperatures, which typically occur starting in September. In the warmth of southern Gran Canaria, where tourism and local life intertwine, a disturbing presence has begun to make itself felt: Periplaneta africana, known as the African cockroach. This insect, native to tropical Africa, has found a favorable habitat on the islands, especially in urban and tourist areas.
In southern Gran Canaria, between urban areas and natural spaces adapted by humans, a medium-to-large cockroach species has caught the attention of experts and residents. Reaching up to 4 cm in length, its reddish-brown color with yellowish hues on the edges of the pronotum and wings distinguishes it from other species such as Periplaneta australasiae. Males are distinguished by their larger size and longer abdominal cerci, with 18 or 19 segments compared to 13 or 14 in females.
This insect is gregarious, forming groups that can number thousands, and is nocturnal and photophobic, avoiding direct light and moving stealthily at night. Its ability to perform long-distance, guided flights allows it to colonize new spaces quickly, making it a highly adaptable species.
The species has three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult. From hatching to death due to old age, approximately 1000 days pass, a little over two and a half years. The female can produce up to two oothecae per week during her most fertile phase, although on average she usually produces one per month, depositing them near food sources without depending on external moisture. The nymph stage includes between six and fourteen molts before reaching adulthood.
Longevity, efficient reproduction, and sociability make this cockroach a resilient and discreet inhabitant, capable of surviving and thriving in a wide variety of environments. Its presence, though often invisible, reflects the complex interaction between urban ecosystems and the biodiversity that accompanies them.
With a length that can reach up to 5 centimeters, the Periplaneta is one of the largest cockroaches in the world. Its ability to fly and preference for warm, humid environments have made it a persistent pest in many regions. In Spain, its spread has been significant, with the cockroach present in 88% of provinces, including Ceuta and Melilla.
In southern Gran Canaria, the situation is no different. High temperatures and relative humidity favor their reproduction and spread. Sewers, basements, and hard-to-reach spaces have become ideal refuges for these cockroaches, which feed on organic waste and decomposing materials.
In addition to its physical presence, Periplaneta poses a risk to public health. It has been shown to carry at least 22 species of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that are pathogenic to humans. Five species of helminths have also been isolated from wild American cockroaches.
The spread of this pest not only affects health but also the image of the tourist destination. Hotels, restaurants, and private homes have intensified their efforts to control and eradicate the presence of these cockroaches. However, traditional methods are often insufficient.
A comprehensive approach is required, combining preventative measures, such as eliminating food and water sources, with appropriate professional treatments.
It is essential that both residents and tourists be aware of the situation and cooperate in maintaining hygiene and order in their surroundings. Only through a joint effort can we mitigate the impact of Periplaneta and preserve the quality of life in southern Gran Canaria.
